arceo Latin · revision 9867

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₂erk-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈar.ke.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈar.t͡ʃe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''arceō''' (present infinitive arcēre, perfect active arcuī, supine arcitum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Priscian gives a supine ''arcitum''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ark-eje/o-|t=to contain, keep out]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂(o)rḱ-eye/o-|t=to hold]], a causative, and Wiktionary gives the root as ⟨*h₂erk-⟩ “to protect”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognates include [[osc|tríbarakavúm|t=to build]], [[grc|ἀρκέω|tr=arkéō|t=to ward off, suffice]] and [[xcl|արգել|tr=argel|t=obstacle]], and the OLD and TLL compare [[arca]] and [[arx]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Among the OLD's earliest citations are Ennius, Pacuvius and Accius.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to keep close, contain, hold in, as of rivers in Cicero, and figuratively to control; to keep away, repulse, prevent from approaching; to keep apart, as of two camps separated by a river in Livy; to protect, defend from, as in Virgil; to prevent from an action; and to ward off, dispel, as of thirst or sleep in Seneca.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to prevent, enclose, shut in.^(Stelten 1995) Its compounds include [[coerceō]] “to restrain” and [[exerceō]] “to keep busy, exercise”, from which ''exercitus'' “army” comes.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of containing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of protecting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To keep close, contain; to control.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To keep away, [[m|en|repulse]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To keep apart, separate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To protect, defend.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To prevent, hinder; to ward off.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abarceō]]

+ * [[arcifinius]]

+ * [[coërceō]]

+ * [[exerceō]]

+ * [[aberceō]]

+ * [[porceō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arca]]

+ * [[arcānus]]

+ * [[arx]]

+ * [[parcō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}