ultro Latin · revision 9861

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂el-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈʊɫ.troː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈul.tro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ultrō''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from the ablative singular of [[itc-pro|*olteros]], the source of ⟨ulter⟩, like [[ultrā]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan traces the stem ⟨*ultero-⟩ “more to that side” to [[ine-pro|*h₂ol-tero-|t=further]], as in [[ulterior]] and [[ultimus]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, such as ''ultrō istum ā mē!'' “away with him!”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense was to a point farther off, away, in exclamations, as in Plautus, ''ultrō citrōque'' meant to and fro, as in Cato and Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From “beyond” it came to mean in addition, into the bargain; the reverse of what might be expected, even, actually; and above all of one's own accord, on one's own initiative, unprompted, as in Plautus and Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant spontaneously, voluntarily, beyond, besides.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for away, and ''ultrō citrōque'' back and forth.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses ''ultrō citrō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''ultrō citrōque''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # To a point farther off, away, ''ultrō citrōque'', to and fro.^(OLD 2012)

+ # In addition, into the bargain.^(OLD 2012)

+ # On the contrary, even, actually.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of one's own accord, [[m|en|spontaneously]], unprompted.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ultrōneus]]

+ * [[ultrorsum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ultrā]]

+ * [[ulterior]]

+ * [[ultimus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}