vivacitas Latin · revision 9860

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Quintilian|origins=ine-pro *gʷeyh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [wiːˈwaː.kɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [viˈvaː.t͡ʃi.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vīvācitās''' ''f'' (genitive vīvācitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|vīvāx|-tās|t1=long-lived, lively]], from [[m|la|vīvō|t=to live]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨vīvō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*gʷīwe/o-|t=to live]], from [[ine-pro|*gʷíh₃-we/o-|t=to live]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Quintilian, and Gaffiot also cites Pliny the Elder.^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Quintilian c. 35–95/96 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Post-Augustan, it meant the power of going on living, tenacity of life, longevity, as in Pliny and Quintilian, and vitality, energy, liveliness, as in Apuleius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for longevity and for vital power, life-force.^(DMLBS) English ''vivacity'' (early 15th century, “sharpness of mind”) is from it, as are French ''vivacité'', Italian ''vivacità'' and Spanish ''vivacidad''.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of longevity.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''vivacity'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Tenacity of life, [[m|en|longevity]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # [[m|en|vitality|alt=Vitality]], energy, [[m|en|vivacity]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vīta]]

+ * [[vītālis]]

+ * [[vīvāciter]]

+ * [[vīvārium]]

+ * [[vīvārius]]

+ * [[vīvātus]]

+ * [[vīvāx]]

+ * [[vīvēscō]]

+ * [[vīvidus]]

+ * [[vīvō]]

+ * [[en|vivacity]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}