hustle English · revision 984

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈhʌsəl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|nl|husselen|t=to shake, toss]], ''hutselen'',^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) a frequentative of ''hutsen'' “to shake”.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To shake to and fro, especially coins in a hat in the game of ''hustle-cap'' (1684).^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “to push roughly, to jostle” appeared in 1751,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) and “to move quickly, to work busily” in the early 19th century.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) American English developed the senses “to obtain in a hurried or illegal way” (1840) and “to sell aggressively” (1887),^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) and the noun “pushing activity, drive” (1891–92).^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) A ''hustle'' meaning a swindle or racket is recorded from 1963,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) and the disco dance from 1975.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1684 – to shake coins in a hat.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1715 – noun, a shaking together.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1751 – to jostle or shove.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1812 – to hurry, move quickly (Barnhart).^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1840 – to obtain by pushing or illegal means.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1887 – to sell aggressively.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1963 – a swindle.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To push or shove roughly; to [[jostle]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To move or convey hurriedly or roughly, as in ''hustled out of the room''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To work or move energetically and quickly.^(AHD)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To obtain or sell by aggressive or underhanded means; to [[swindle]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To pressure into buying or doing something.^(AHD)^(RHWU)

+ # ''(slang)'' To solicit customers, as a [[prostitute]] or [[pimp]].^(AHD)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # Energetic activity; drive, as in ''hustle and bustle''.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The act of jostling or shoving.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+ # A dishonest scheme or way of getting money; a [[fraud]].^(AHD)^(OED 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hustler]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bustle]]

+ * [[hotchpotch]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}