atrociter Latin · revision 9824

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la ātrōx}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [aˈtroː.kɪ.tɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [aˈtrɔː.t͡ʃi.ter]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''atrōciter''' (comparative atrōcius, superlative atrōcissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ātrōx|-ter|t1=fierce, cruel]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan thinks ⟨ātrōx⟩ is probably from [[m|la|āter|t=black]] and the root [[ine-pro|*h₃ekʷ-|t=to look]], “having a black aspect”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its earliest source is Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant with great ferocity, violently, bitterly, as in Sallust; with bitterness of feeling, acrimoniously; cruelly, savagely, as in Cicero's ''aliquid atrōciter fierī vidēmus'' “we see something cruelly done”; and severely, harshly.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for atrociously, savagely, as in Aldhelm.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of violence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # With great ferocity, violently, bitterly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|acrimoniously|alt=Acrimoniously]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Cruelly, [[m|en|savagely]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Severely, harshly.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ātrōx]]

+ * [[ātrōcitās]]

+ * [[āter]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}