cruente Latin · revision 9800

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Seneca the Elder|origins=ine-pro *krewh₂-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cruentē''' (comparative cruentius, superlative cruentissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|cruentus|-ē|t1=bloody]], an adverb.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ⟨cruentus⟩ is from [[m|la|cruor|t=blood]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*kruwōs|t=blood]], from [[ine-pro|*kruh₂-ōs|t=blood]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Seneca the Elder, whom he dates c. 55 BC–40 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant bloodthirstily, savagely, cruelly, as in Seneca's ''arma cruentius exercēre'' “to wage war more savagely” and Justin.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 55 BC–40 AD – Seneca the Elder uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses ''cruentius''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Bloodthirstily, [[m|en|savagely]], cruelly.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cruentus]]

+ * [[cruor]]

+ * [[cruenter]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}