mala Latin · revision 9756
17 Oct 2026, 00:17 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|cheek, jaw}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *smeḱ-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmaː.ɫa], [ˈmaː.ɫaː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmaː.la], [ˈmaː.la]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''māla''' ''f'' (genitive mālae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The word for “cheek, jaw” is [[inh|itc-pro|*smakslā]], [[inh|ine-pro|*smḱ-slo/h₂-|t=beard, chin]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) [[māxilla]] is its diminutive.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Cognates include [[sga|smech|t=chin]], [[hit|zamankur|t=beard]] and [[sa|श्मश्रु|tr=śmáśru|t=beard]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short derived it from [[mandō]] “to chew”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, and the OLD cites Ennius for the cheeks and Plautus for the jaws.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC and Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Usually in the plural, it meant the lower part of the face, the cheeks, as in Ennius, and the jaws, as in Plautus, and Gaffiot gives the upper jaw in Lucretius, Horace and Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ English ''mala'' and ''malar'' “of the cheek” are from it.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the jaws.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of the cheeks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # ''(usually plural)'' The [[m|en|cheek|alt=cheeks]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # The [[m|en|jaw|alt=jaws]].^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[māxilla]]
+
+ {{homograph|2|bag (Medieval Latin)}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=Dudo of Saint-Quentin, c. 1020|origins=gem-pro *malhō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈma.ɫa], [ˈma.ɫaː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmaː.la], [ˈmaː.la]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''mala''' ''f'' (genitive malae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+ Also ''malis''.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The Medieval Latin word for “bag” is [[bor|frk|*malha|t=leather bag]], from [[gem-pro|*malhō]], possibly from [[ine-pro|*molko-]] or a borrowing from Thracian.^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's earliest source is Dudo of Saint-Quentin, about 1020.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a bag, sack.^(Niermeyer 1976) It is the source of Old French ''male'' “wallet, bag”, French ''malle'', and English ''mail'' (c. 1200, a travelling bag, later the post).^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 1020 – Dudo of Saint-Quentin uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1200 – English ''mail'' “bag” is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|bag]], sack.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[en|mail]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}