sacrum Latin · revision 9722
17 Oct 2026, 00:17 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *seh₂k-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsa.krũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsaː.krum]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''sacrum''' ''n'' (genitive sacrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the neuter of [[sacer]] “sacred”, used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨sacer⟩ to [[itc-pro|*sakro-|t=sacred]], from [[ine-pro|*sh₂k-ro-|t=sacred]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's earliest source is Plautus, whom the OLD cites for a holy place.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a sacred object, a vessel or statue, ''sacra ferre'' to carry sacred emblems in procession, as in Virgil; a holy place, shrine, as in Plautus; a religious observance, ceremony, rite, as in Accius and Cicero; a festival, as in Livy; and in the plural sacred status, sanctity, inviolability, as in Ovid.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it was a holy thing, the sacrifice of the Mass, sacred rites.^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a shrine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of a rite.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of sacred objects.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A sacred object, ''sacra ferre'', to carry sacred emblems.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A holy place, [[m|en|shrine]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A religious observance, [[m|en|rite]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|festival]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(usually plural)'' [[m|en|sanctity|alt=Sanctity]], inviolability.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The sacrifice of the [[m|en|mass|alt=Mass]].^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[sacrāria]]
+ * [[sacrārium]]
+ * [[sacrārius]]
+ * [[sacricola]]
+ * [[sacrificus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[sacer]]
+ * [[sacrificium]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}