horrifico Latin · revision 9713

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Catullus|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰers-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [hɔrˈrɪ.fɪ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [orˈriː.fi.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''horrificō''' (present infinitive horrificāre, perfect active horrificāvī, supine horrificātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[horrificus]] “causing dread” with the verb suffix ⟨-ō⟩, or from [[horreō]] with ⟨-ficō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨horreō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*xors-ē-|t=to be stiff]], from [[ine-pro|*ǵʰr̥s-eh₁-|t=to be stiff, surprised]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Catullus, ''horrificāre mare'' “to ruffle the sea”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Catullus 81/79–52/50 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Poetic and post-Augustan, it meant to ruffle the surface of, roughen, as in Catullus; to frighten, terrify, as in Virgil; and to make terrible in appearance, as of helmets with the jaws of beasts in Silius Italicus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of terror.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|ruffle]] the surface of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To frighten, [[m|en|terrify]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make terrible in appearance.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[horrificābilis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[horrificus]]

+ * [[horreō]]

+ * [[horror]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}