clausus Latin · revision 9665
16 Oct 2026, 23:52 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=ine-pro *kleh₂w-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɫau̯.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈklaːu̯.sus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''clausus''' (feminine clausa, neuter clausum, comparative clausior); first/second-declension participle^(Wiktionary)
+ Also ''clūsus''.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the perfect passive participle of [[claudō]] “to shut, close”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨claudō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*klaud-e/o-]], from [[ine-pro|*kleh₂u-d-|t=to shut]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's earliest source is Varro, whom the OLD cites for an enclosed space.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ As an adjective it meant, of places, closed, inaccessible, as in Cicero; of a space, shut in, enclosed, as in Varro; and enclosed in a container, shut or locked up, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In British Medieval Latin it was a noun, a close, enclosure, from 1270.^(DMLBS) Through Old French ''clos'' it gave English ''close'' (c. 1200), and it survives in French ''clos'', Spanish ''lloso'' and Portuguese ''chouso''.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of an enclosed space.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of closed places.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1200 – English ''close'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1270 – British records use it of an enclosure.^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # ''(of places)'' Closed, inaccessible.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(of a space)'' Shut in, [[m|en|enclosed]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Shut or locked up.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ===Noun===
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|close]], enclosure.^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[claustellum]]
+ * [[claustrārius]]
+ * [[claustrum]]
+ * [[clausula]]
+ * [[clausum]]
+ * [[clausūra]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[claudō]]
+ * [[Claudius]]
+ * [[en|close]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ ''Clausus'' was also the name of a Sabine chief, Attus Clausus, reputed ancestor of the gens Claudia.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}