intro Latin · revision 9656
16 Oct 2026, 23:48 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|inside (adverb)}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁én}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪn.troː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈin.tro]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''intrō''' ^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The adverb is formed from [[in]] with the suffixes ⟨-ter⟩ and ⟨-ō⟩.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary derives it from an earlier ⟨*interus⟩, the source of [[interior]], from [[ine-pro|*h₁énteros|t=inner]]; it is a doublet of [[intrā]].^(Wiktionary) Köbler traces it to [[ine-pro|*h₁én|t=in]].^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, ''duc hōs intrō'' “take them inside”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ With verbs of motion it meant inside, indoors, in, as in Plautus, Terence and Caesar, and Lucilius contrasts ''intrō'' “to inside” with ''intus'' “inside”.^(OLD 2012) It also meant on the inside, within, as in Cato.^(OLD 2012) Before a simple verb it was often treated as forming a compound with it, as in ''intrōdūcō''.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Medieval Latin it was also a preposition, inside.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Romanian ''întru'' and Spanish ''entro''.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it with verbs of motion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of the inside.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adverb===
+ # ''(with verbs of motion)'' Inside, [[m|en|indoors]], in.^(OLD 2012)
+ # On the inside, within, [[m|en|internally]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin, preposition)'' Inside.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[intrōrsum]]
+
+ {{homograph|2|enter}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁én}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪn.troː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈin.tro]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''intrō''' (present infinitive intrāre, perfect active intrāvī, supine intrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The verb is from [[intrā]] “within” with the verb suffix ⟨-ō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, ''intrābō'' “I will go in”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to go into, enter a closed space, with an accusative, as in Cicero, Caesar and Virgil, or intransitively, as in Plautus and Livy; in law to appear in court, as in Pliny; of things to enter, penetrate, as in Virgil; to enter upon a state; and to enter into with the mind, study, as in Seneca.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to enter, go in, pierce.^(Stelten 1995) It continues as Italian ''entrare'', French ''entrer'', Spanish and Portuguese ''entrar'' and Romanian ''intra'', and through Old French ''entrer'' it gave [[m|en|enter]] in the late 13th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it with an accusative.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 13th century – English ''enter'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To go into, [[m|en|enter]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(law)'' To appear in court.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(of things)'' To enter, [[m|en|penetrate]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To enter upon a state.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To enter into with the mind, study.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[intrābilis]]
+ * [[subintrō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[intrā]]
+ * [[in]]
+ * [[interior]]
+ * [[en|enter]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}