cognitus Latin · revision 9648
16 Oct 2026, 23:48 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|known}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ǵneh₃-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɔŋ.nɪ.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkɔɲ.ɲi.tus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''cognitus''' ''m'' (genitive cognitūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The adjective is the perfect participle of [[cognōscō]] “to get to know”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces ⟨nōscō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*gnōske-]], from [[ine-pro|*ǵnh₃-sḱé-|t=to know]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations as an adjective are from Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Of facts it meant known from experience, ascertained, as in Cicero; of persons, known, noted, as in Cicero's ''homō in rēbus iūdicandīs spectātus et cognitus'' “a man tried and known in judging”; and of qualities, proved, recognised, as in ''cognita virtūs'' “proven valour”.^(OLD 2012) It has a comparative ''cognitior'' in Ovid and a superlative in Catullus.^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of facts and persons.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses ''cognitissimus''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # ''(of facts)'' Known from experience, ascertained.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(of persons)'' Known, [[m|en|noted]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(of qualities)'' Proved, recognised.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ {{homograph|2|getting to know (noun)}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Apuleius|origins=ine-pro *ǵneh₃-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɔŋ.nɪ.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkɔɲ.ɲi.tus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''cognitus''' ''m'' (genitive cognitūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The noun is [[af|la|cognōscō|-tus|t1=to get to know]], a verbal noun of the fourth declension.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Lewis & Short cite Apuleius, ''variōrum populōrum cognitus'' “acquaintance with various peoples”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Apuleius c. 125–175 AD.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant the act of getting to know, acquaintance.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In British Medieval Latin it meant knowledge, as in the logician Adam of Balsham.^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # The act of getting to know, [[m|en|acquaintance]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|knowledge|alt=Knowledge]].^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[cognōscō]]
+ * [[nōscō]]
+ * [[cognitiō]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}