poculum Latin · revision 9621
16 Oct 2026, 19:24 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *peh₃-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpoː.kʊ.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpɔː.ku.lum]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''pōculum''' ''n'' (genitive pōculī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ Also contracted ''pōclum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pōklom]], [[inh|ine-pro|*péh₃tlom|t=drinking vessel]], from [[m|ine-pro|*peh₃-|t=to drink]], the root of [[bibō]] “to drink”.^(Wiktionary) The OLD and Gaffiot analyse it as the root ⟨po-⟩ of [[pōtō]] with the suffix [[-culum]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Isidore derives it from ⟨pōtāre⟩.^(Isidore)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of a cup and a drink.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It was a drinking vessel, cup, bowl, as in Plautus; the contents of a cup, a drink, a draught, as in Cicero's ''pōculum mortis exhaurīre'' “to drain the cup of death”; and in the plural drink in general, as in Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it was a goblet, cup.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for a cup, glossed Old English ''drenccuppe'', and figuratively, as in Bede.^(DMLBS) Spanish ''búcaro'' and Italian ''bucchero'' were borrowed from it, and English took both ''poculum'' and ''bucchero''.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero has ''pōculum mortis''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of drink.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A drinking vessel, [[m|en|cup]], [[m|en|goblet]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A drink, draught, (plural) drink.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[dēpōculō]]
+ * [[pōcillum]]
+ * [[pōculentus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[pōtō]]
+ * [[pōtiō]]
+ * [[bibō]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}