praesum Latin · revision 9615

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Varro|origins=ine-pro *h₁es-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈprae̯.sũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈprɛː.s̬um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praesum''' (present infinitive praeesse, perfect active praefuī, future active participle praefutūrus); irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund^(Wiktionary)

+ Inscriptions have the contracted ''praesse'', ''praerit'', ''praest'' and ''praerant''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[prae-]] “before” and [[sum]] “to be”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨sum⟩ to [[ine-pro|*h₁es-|t=to be]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Varro, of being in charge.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With the dative it meant to be in charge of, preside over, command, as in Varro; to take the lead in, as in Cicero's ''crūdēlitātī praeesse''; to be pre-eminent in a field; and in Titinius to be present at.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to rule, govern, be placed over, preside over.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of leading.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be in charge of, [[m|en|preside]] over, command.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To take the lead in; to be pre-eminent in.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be present at.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sum]]

+ * [[praefectus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}