irrumpo Latin · revision 9610
16 Oct 2026, 19:13 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=ine-pro *Hrewp-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪrˈrʊm.poː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [irˈrum.po]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''irrumpō''' (present infinitive irrumpere, perfect active irrūpī, supine irruptum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ Also spelled ''inrumpō''.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[in-]] “into” and [[rumpō]] “to break”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨rumpō⟩ to [[ine-pro|*Hru-n-p-|t=to break]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', of forcing one's way into a building.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it 86/82 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to force one's way into, burst into a building; of troops to rush on the enemy, and Caesar has ''in castra irrumpere''; to intrude into a place, trespass; and of things to force a passage, penetrate, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to break in, intrude, interrupt, violate, burst forth.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''irruptus'' gave [[en|irrupt]] (1805).^(Etymonline) It survives in Italian ''irrompere'' and Spanish ''irrumpir''.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 86/82 BC – the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of troops and intruders.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of breaking into a camp.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1805 – English ''irrupt'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To burst into, break in.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To rush on (the enemy).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To intrude, [[m|en|trespass]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To force a passage, penetrate.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[irruptiō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[irruptus]]
+ * [[rumpō]]
+ * [[irruō]]
+ * [[en|irrupt]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}