livor Latin · revision 9606

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la līveō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈliː.wɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈliː.vor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''līvor''' ''m'' (genitive līvōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[līveō]] “to be bluish; to envy” with the suffix [[-or]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Köbler compares [[ine-pro|*slīwo-|t=bluish]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of bruising.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a bluish, leaden colour, a black-and-blue mark from a blow, as in Plautus' ''līvōrem scapulīs concinnās'' “you are making bruises on your shoulders”; and figuratively envy, spite, malice, as in Ovid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical and Medieval Latin it was a bruise, and a bloody wound.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin used it for a livid colour, black, purple, blue or grey.^(DMLBS) English borrowed it as [[m|en|livor]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of envy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A bluish colour; a [[m|en|bruise]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|envy|alt=Envy]], spite, malice.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A bloody wound.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[līvēns]]

+ * [[līveō]]

+ * [[līvia]]

+ * [[līvidus]]

+ * [[invidia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}