manes Latin · revision 9602

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *meh₂-no-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmaː.neːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmaː.nes]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mānēs''' ''m pl'' (genitive mānium); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ An inscription spells it ''Maanium''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the plural of Old Latin [[mānus]] “good”, used as a noun, “the good ones”.^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Etymonline) Festus already derived it from ⟨mānus⟩, and the Thesaurus thinks him perhaps right, and the OLD also compares the Phrygian god Men.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan traces ⟨mānus⟩ to [[ine-pro|*meh₂-no-|t=good]], of uncertain further origin.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, ''dī mānēs''.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Dī mānēs'' were the spirits of the dead, honoured as minor gods, as in Cicero's laws and Lucretius; in poetry it was also the mortal remains, the ashes, as in Propertius; the underworld, as in Virgil; and death, fate.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Isidore says the Manes were gods of the dead whose power lay between the moon and the earth.^(Isidore)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for the spirits of the dead.^(DMLBS) [[en|manes]] is used of the Roman spirits of the dead.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''dī mānēs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the underworld.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # (plural) The spirits of the dead, the [[m|en|manes]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Mortal remains, ashes.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The underworld.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Death, fate.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mānālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mānus]]

+ * [[māne]]

+ * [[immānis]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Manēs'', genitive ''-ētis'', is a different word, the name of Mani, the founder of Manichaeism, from Greek.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}