manipulus Latin · revision 9601

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=la manus, la pleō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [maˈnɪ.pʊ.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [maˈniː.pu.lus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''manipulus''' ''m'' (genitive manipulī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Also ''maniplus'' (in the poets) and ''manuplus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[manus]] “hand” and the root of ⟨*pleō⟩ “to fill”, a handful.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨manus⟩ to [[ine-pro|*mon-u-|t=hand]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation for the military unit is from Plautus.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a handful, as in Cato; a bundle, sheaf, truss of hay or corn, as in Varro; and a unit of infantry of two centuries, a third of a cohort, a maniple, company, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012) Isidore says the soldiers were named maniples because they first fought by hand, or because before there were standards they used bundles of straw or grass as their signs.^(Isidore)

+

+ In the Church it was a towel for the priest's face, then the maniple worn on the left arm at Mass; also a towel, apron, and a bowl for bloodletting.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin used it for a handful, a small measure.^(DMLBS) French ''manipule'' “handful”, a pharmacists' measure, is the source of [[en|manipulation]] (by 1730).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a company of soldiers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a handful.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of a sheaf.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1730 – English ''manipulation'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|handful]]; a bundle, [[m|en|sheaf]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(military)'' A [[m|en|maniple]], company.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The maniple worn at Mass; a towel.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[commanipulus]]

+ * [[manipellus]]

+ * [[manipulāris]]

+ * [[manipulārius]]

+ * [[manipulātim]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[manuculus]]

+ * [[manus]]

+ * [[pleō]]

+ * [[en|manipulation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}