necessitas Latin · revision 9595

16 Oct 2026, 19:13 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la necesse}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [nɛˈkɛs.sɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [neˈt͡ʃɛs.si.tas]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''necessitās''' ''f'' (genitive necessitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ Genitive plural ''necessitātium'' in Caesar, Livy and Suetonius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[necesse]] “unavoidable, necessary” with the suffix [[-tās]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of constraint by circumstances.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It was the quality of being indispensable, need; necessity inherent in the nature of things, fate, inevitability, as in Cicero's ''fātālis necessitās'' for the Greek ⟨heimarménē⟩; constraint by circumstances, compulsion, as in Plautus; difficulty, straits, as in Livy; want, poverty; requirements, demands; an act done under compulsion; and in Caesar a bond between persons, like ''necessitūdō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it was want, need, poverty, necessity, distress.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for needs and coercion.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|necessity]] (late 14th century, “constraining power of circumstances”) came through Old French ''necessite''.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of fate and need.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''necessity'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|necessity|alt=Necessity]], need.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Inevitability, [[m|en|fate]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Compulsion, constraint.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Straits; want, poverty.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A bond, obligation (between persons).^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[necessārius]]
+ * [[necesse]]
+ * [[necessitūdō]]
+ * [[en|necessity]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}