nubilus Latin · revision 9588
16 Oct 2026, 19:13 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la nūbēs}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈnuː.bɪ.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈnuː.bi.lus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''nūbilus''' (feminine nūbila, neuter nūbilum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[nūbēs]] “cloud” with a suffix ⟨-ilus⟩, and Wiktionary takes it as ⟨-idus⟩ with /d/ changed to /l/.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*(s)nouþ-]] for ⟨nūbēs⟩, whose only direct cognate is Welsh ⟨nudd⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's earliest source is Ennius, whom he dates 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant cloudy, overcast, as of the sky in Pliny the Elder and Seneca; as a neuter noun, ''nūbilum'', cloud, as in Varro; dark, dim, as in Propertius; cloudy, not clear; befogged, confused, as in Plautus; of a face clouded with care or anger, as in Ovid; and of life clouded by misfortune.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis & Short call it poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ Medieval Latin used it for blind.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''nuvolo'' and ''nuvola'', Catalan ''núvol'' and Romanian ''nor''.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses the noun ''nūbilum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of a clouded face.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # [[m|en|cloudy|alt=Cloudy]], overcast.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Dark, dim; not clear.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Confused, befogged.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Gloomy, troubled; frowning.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ===Noun===
+ # (''nūbilum'') A [[m|en|cloud]].^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[innūbilus]]
+ * [[nūbilum]]
+ * [[praenūbilus]]
+ * [[subnūbilus]]
+ * [[nūbila]]
+ * [[nūbilō]]
+ * [[nūbilōsus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[nūbēcula]]
+ * [[nūbēs]]
+ * [[nūbifer]]
+ * [[nūbificus]]
+ * [[nūbifugus]]
+ * [[nūbigena]]
+ * [[nūbiger]]
+ * [[nūbigōsus]]
+ * [[nūbilārium]]
+ * [[nūbivagus]]
+ * [[nimbus]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}