obsto Latin · revision 9586

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *steh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɔp.stoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔb.sto]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obstō''' (present infinitive obstāre, perfect active obstitī, future active participle obstātūrus); first conjugation, no supine stem except in the future active participle, impersonal in the passive^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''opstō''; its perfect ''obstitī'' cannot be told apart from that of ''obsistō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ob-]] “in front, against” and [[stō]] “to stand”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨stō⟩ to [[ine-pro|*sth₂-éh₁-ye-|t=to stand]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of standing in the way.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to stand facing, meet face to face, as in Lucilius and Plautus; to stand in the way, block the path, as in Ennius; to be a hindrance, prevent something from having its effect, as in Plautus; to put oneself in the way, bar; to oppose, as in Cicero; and to resist decay, endure.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to stand in front of, hinder, oppose, obstruct, and ''nōn obstante'' was “notwithstanding”.^(Stelten 1995) Through Vulgar Latin “to hinder” and Old French ''oster'' “to remove” it is the source of [[en|oust]] (early 15th century).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of hindering.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of opposing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''oust'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stand facing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To stand in the way, [[m|en|obstruct]], block.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To hinder, prevent.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To oppose.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' ''nōn obstante'' [[m|en|notwithstanding|alt=Notwithstanding]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[obstāculum]]

+ * [[obstantia]]

+ * [[obstetrīx]]

+ * [[obstāns]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[obstitus]]

+ * [[stō]]

+ * [[obsistō]]

+ * [[en|oust]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}