percello Latin · revision 9575

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *kelh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [pɛrˈkɛl.loː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [perˈt͡ʃɛl.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''percellō''' (present infinitive percellere, perfect active perculī, supine perculsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Ammianus has the perfect ''perculsī'' for ''perculī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[per-]] “through, thoroughly” and ⟨*cellō⟩ “to strike”, [[itc-pro|*kelnō]], from [[ine-pro|*kelh₂-|t=to beat, break]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is related to [[clādēs]] “disaster”, [[clāva]] “club” and [[procella]] “storm”, and the OLD compares [[grc|κλάω|tr=kláō|t=to break]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of striking with fear.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to knock down, overturn, fell, as in Plautus and Terence; to strike down with a weapon; in war to overpower at a stroke, as in Livy; to afflict with disaster, overthrow, as in Cicero; to strike with fear, dismay, demoralise, as in Ennius; and to drive someone into an action, as in Apuleius.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to repel, shatter, ruin, strike down, overturn, daunt.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of knocking down.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of disaster.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To knock down, overturn.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike down; to overpower.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To ruin, overthrow.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To dismay, [[m|en|demoralise]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[perculsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[recellō]]

+ * [[clādēs]]

+ * [[procella]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}