percutio Latin · revision 9574

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Ennius|origins=la quatiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [pɛrˈkʊ.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [perˈkut.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''percutiō''' (present infinitive percutere, perfect active percussī, supine percussum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Horace has ''percustī'' for ''percussistī''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[per-]] “through” and [[quatiō]] “to shake, strike”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*kwat-i-]] for ⟨quatiō⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of missiles striking.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to strike hard, hit, as in Plautus; to strike dead, and to kill a sacrificial victim, as in Cicero; of missiles and natural forces to beat upon, as in Ennius; to pierce, as in Livy; to stamp, engrave, strike coins, as in Seneca; to cut a vein or make an incision; to dig a trench, as in Pliny; to make a deep impression, strike the mind, as in Terence; and to strike a treaty, as in Ulpian.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to strike down, kill, wound.^(Stelten 1995) Its noun ''percussiō'' gave [[en|percussion]] (early 15th century), and the participle ''percussus'' gave [[en|percuss]] (1550s).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of hitting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of killing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''percussion'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To strike, hit; to pierce.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To strike dead; to kill (a victim).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To stamp, strike (coins).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To cut; to dig.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike (the mind), affect deeply.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike (a treaty).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dispercutiō]]

+ * [[impercussus]]

+ * [[percussibilis]]

+ * [[percussiō]]

+ * [[percussor]]

+ * [[percussura]]

+ * [[percussus]]

+ * [[repercutiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quatiō]]

+ * [[en|percussion]]

+ * [[en|percuss]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}