mortalitas Latin · revision 9565

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *mer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [mɔrˈtaː.lɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [morˈtaː.li.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mortālitās''' ''f'' (genitive mortālitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[mortālis]] “mortal” with the suffix [[-tās]]; ⟨mortālis⟩ is from [[mors]] “death”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨morior⟩ “to die” to [[ine-pro|*mr̥-yé-|t=to die]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Cicero, whom he dates 81–43 BC, and the OLD's first citations are from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the condition of being mortal, mortal nature, as in Cicero, and ''mortālitātem explēre'' was to die; and death as the natural end of life, as in Seneca.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis & Short call it rare but classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was a pestilence, high mortality, a slaughter, and the right to receive bequests, and Köbler records ''mortālitās sacra'', the plague.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Köbler 2010) [[en|mortality]] (mid-14th century, “being subject to death”) came through Old French and directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of death.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''mortality'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|mortality|alt=Mortality]], mortal nature.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Death.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|pestilence]]; a slaughter.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mortālis]]

+ * [[mors]]

+ * [[immortālitās]]

+ * [[en|mortality]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}