horrificus Latin · revision 9559

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰers-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [hɔrˈrɪ.fɪ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [orˈriː.fi.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''horrificus''' (feminine horrifica, neuter horrificum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[horreō]] “to bristle, shudder” with the suffix [[-ficus]] “making”, from [[faciō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces ⟨horreō⟩ to [[ine-pro|*ǵʰr̥s-éh₁-|t=to be stiff]].^(de Vaan 2008) Etymonline glosses it literally “making the hair stand on end”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucretius.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant inspiring awe or horror, dreadful, frightful, as in Lucretius and Virgil, and once rough, shaggy, and Lewis & Short call it poetic and post-Augustan in prose, as in Gellius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for fearsome and for loathsome.^(DMLBS) [[en|horrific]] (1650s) came through French ''horrifique'' or directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1650s – English ''horrific'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Dreadful, frightful, [[m|en|horrific]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Rough, shaggy.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[horrificō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[horreō]]

+ * [[horror]]

+ * [[horribilis]]

+ * [[en|horrific]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}