iactura Latin · revision 9558

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *Hyeh₁-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iactūra''' ''f'' (genitive iactūrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Older dictionaries spell it ''jactūra''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[iaciō]] “to throw” with the suffix [[-ūra]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces ⟨iaciō⟩ to [[ine-pro|*Hyeh₁-|t=to throw, let go]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Cicero, whom he dates 81–43 BC, and the OLD's first citations are from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a throwing overboard, jettison, as in Cicero's ''in marī iactūram facere'', and the jetsam itself; a loss accepted for the sake of something else, a sacrifice; squandering; deprivation, loss, as in Propertius; in war the loss of men, as in Caesar; and expense, outlay, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it was a loss, a throwing away.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin had ''iactūra maris'' “jetsam”, and used it for surrender and forfeiture.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin used it for an act of throwing, as of stones.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of jettison and sacrifice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of losses in battle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A throwing overboard, [[m|en|jettison]]; jetsam.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A sacrifice; a loss.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Squandering.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(military)'' Losses.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Expense, outlay.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|forfeiture|alt=Forfeiture]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iacturarius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iaciō]]

+ * [[iactō]]

+ * [[damnum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}