incognitus Latin · revision 9551

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ǵneh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪŋˈkɔŋ.nɪ.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [iŋˈkɔɲ.ɲi.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incognitus''' (feminine incognita, neuter incognitum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[in-]] “not” and [[cognitus]], participle of [[cognōscō]] “to get to know”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨nōscō⟩ to [[ine-pro|*ǵneh₃-|t=to know]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Cicero, whom he dates 81–43 BC, and the OLD's first citations are from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of a case it meant not investigated, untried, as in Cicero's ''causā incognitā condemnāre'' “to condemn without a hearing”; of facts, not ascertained; unknown, unfamiliar, strange; untested; undetected; and not recognised, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for not found out, and ''incognitum est'' “it is not known”.^(DMLBS) Italian ''incognito'' “unknown”, from it, gave [[en|incognito]] in the 1640s, of a traveller with concealed identity.^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of the unrecognised.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1640s – English ''incognito'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # (of a case) Untried, unheard.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Unknown, unascertained; unfamiliar.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Untested.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Undetected; unrecognised, [[m|en|incognito]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cognōscō]]

+ * [[cognitus]]

+ * [[ignōtus]]

+ * [[en|incognito]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}