inculco Latin · revision 9550

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Cicero|origins=la calx}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪŋˈkʊɫ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [iŋˈkul.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inculcō''' (present infinitive inculcāre, perfect active inculcāvī, supine inculcātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Columella has ''incalcō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[in-]] “in” and [[calcō]] “to tread”, from [[calx]] “heel”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of forcing something on someone and of impressing an idea.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Literally it meant to trample, press down, and to tread or stuff in, as in Columella; figuratively to insert, especially needlessly; to force something on an unwilling person; and to impress an idea on someone's mind, drive it home, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note it is classical especially in the figurative sense.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to trample in, mix in, impress upon, force upon.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''inculcātus'' gave [[en|inculcate]] in the 1540s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of impressing ideas.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of treading in.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English ''inculcate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To trample, tread in.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To insert; to force on someone.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To impress, [[m|en|inculcate]], drive home.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inculcatio]]

+ * [[inculcator]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[calcō]]

+ * [[calx]]

+ * [[conculcō]]

+ * [[en|inculcate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}