excutio Latin · revision 9535

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=la quatiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈskʊ.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ekˈskut.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''excutiō''' (present infinitive excutere, perfect active excussī, supine excussum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the archaic perfect subjunctive ''excussit'' for ''excusserit''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ex-]] “out” and [[quatiō]] “to shake”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*kwat-i-]] for ⟨quatiō⟩, perhaps from [[ine-pro|*(s)kwot-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, and Cato, of shaking out.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to shake or knock out or off, as in Cato and Livy's horse that throws its rider; to drive out, expel, as in Terence; to shake off a condition or attitude, as in Cicero; to scatter; to provoke laughter or tears; to discharge, shoot, as in Livy; to shake out a garment to clean it, as in Plautus; and to search a person, and so to examine, scrutinise, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to search, examine, interrogate, shake.^(Stelten 1995) Through Old French ''escourre'', compounded as ''rescourre'', it is the source of [[en|rescue]] (about 1300).^(Etymonline) It survives in Italian ''scuotere'' and Romanian ''scoate''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of knocking off.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of examining.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''rescue'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To shake out or off, knock off.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To drive out, [[m|en|expel]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To cast off (a feeling or condition).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To discharge, shoot.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To search; to [[m|en|examine]], scrutinise.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[excussiō]]

+ * [[excussōrius]]

+ * [[excussus]]

+ * [[inexcussus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quatiō]]

+ * [[concutiō]]

+ * [[en|rescue]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}