exsto Latin · revision 9531

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *steh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɛks(ː)toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɛks.sto]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exstō''' (present infinitive exstāre, future active participle exstātūrus); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems except in the future active participle^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''extō''; the perfect ''ex(s)titī'' cannot be told apart from that of ''exsistō'', and Pliny the Elder has the future participle ''exstātūrus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ex-]] “out” and [[stō]] “to stand”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨stō⟩ to [[ine-pro|*sth₂-éh₁-ye-|t=to stand]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucretius, of something standing out.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to stand out, project, protrude, as in Lucretius and Caesar's men who stood with only their heads above the water; to be conspicuous, as in Quintilian; and to exist, be extant, be found, as in Cicero, also in a given state.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to stand out, appear, come forth, exist.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of existing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of standing out.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stand out, project, [[m|en|protrude]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be conspicuous.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To exist, be [[m|en|extant]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exstantia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stō]]

+ * [[exsistō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}