fera Latin · revision 9528

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰwer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɛ.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfɛː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fera''' ''f'' (genitive ferae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine of [[ferus]] “wild”, used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) De Vaan traces ⟨ferus⟩ to [[itc-pro|*χwero-]], from [[ine-pro|*ǵʰweh₁r-|t=wild animal]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Naevius, whom he dates c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a wild or undomesticated animal, a wild beast, as in Accius, Cicero and Caesar; a beast as against a human being, as in Pacuvius; a sea creature; and in Cicero a constellation in the shape of a beast.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was especially a deer, the red deer.^(Niermeyer 1976) ''Fera domōrum'' was a domestic animal.^(Köbler 2010) It survives in Italian ''fiera'', Spanish ''fiera'' and Romanian ''fiară''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of a wild animal.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A wild animal, wild [[m|en|beast]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A beast (as against a human).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A constellation shaped like a beast.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|deer]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ferus]]

+ * [[ferīnus]]

+ * [[bēstia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}