gregalis Latin · revision 9515

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *gʷreg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɡrɛˈɡaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ɡreˈɡaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gregālis''' (neuter gregāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Military diplomas usually have the ablative singular ''gregāle''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[grex]] “flock, herd” with the suffix [[-ālis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨grex⟩ to [[itc-pro|*gʷreg-]], from [[ine-pro|*gʷreg-|t=group, herd]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Cicero, whom he dates 81–43 BC, and the OLD's first citation is from Varro.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant of a flock or herd, living in herds, as in Varro's ''equī gregālēs'' and Pliny the Elder; as a noun, an animal of the same herd, and in the plural, in Cicero, comrades, companions; and common, ordinary, as in Seneca.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''Mīles gregālis'' was a common soldier, and ''sagulum gregāle'' a common soldier's cloak, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for living in a flock, of a goose, and for common.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of horses in herds.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a soldier's cloak.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of a flock or herd, [[m|en|gregarious]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Common, ordinary; of a common soldier.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A herd-mate, (plural) comrades, companions.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A common soldier.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[grex]]

+ * [[gregārius]]

+ * [[en|gregarious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}