exercitatio Latin · revision 9513

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=la arceō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛk.sɛr.kɪˈtaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [eɡ.zer.t͡ʃiˈtat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exercitātiō''' ''f'' (genitive exercitātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[exercitō]] “to exercise, train” with the suffix [[-tiō]]; ⟨exercitō⟩ is the frequentative of [[exerceō]] “to keep busy, exercise”, from [[ex-]] and [[arceō]] “to enclose”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces ⟨arceō⟩ to [[ine-pro|*h₂(o)rḱ-éye-|t=to hold]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', of practice.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it 86/82 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was physical exercise, as in Cicero; a moving, agitation, as of air and water in Vitruvius; practice that leads to proficiency, in physical or mental activities; skill acquired by practice; and habitual performance, the conduct of lawsuits, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it was exercise, practice.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it also for military exercise and for experience.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''esercitazione''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of exercise and skill.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of agitation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|exercise|alt=Exercise]], physical work.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Agitation, movement.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Practice, training; skill, [[m|en|proficiency]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Habitual performance.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exercitō]]

+ * [[exerceō]]

+ * [[exercitus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}