contumeliosus Latin · revision 9504

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Terence|origins=la contumēlia}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔn.tʊ.meː.liˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kon.tu.me.liˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''contumēliōsus''' (feminine contumēliōsa, neuter contumēliōsum, superlative contumēliōsissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[contumēlia]] “insult” with the suffix [[-ōsus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan takes ⟨contumēlia⟩ as probably the noun of an adjective ⟨*contumēlis⟩ “insulting”, perhaps from [[tumeō]] “to be swollen”, through “boasting”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Terence, whom he dates 190–159 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant insulting, outrageous, humiliating, and of persons abusive, insolent, as in Cicero and Sallust, who have the comparative and superlative.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant contumelious.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for insulting, dishonourable.^(DMLBS) [[en|contumelious]] (early 15th century, “contemptuous, insolent”) came through Old French and directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''contumelious'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Insulting, outrageous, humiliating.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of persons) Abusive, [[m|en|insolent]], [[m|en|contumelious]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[contumēlia]]

+ * [[contumāx]]

+ * [[en|contumelious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}