cruento Latin · revision 9497

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *kruh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kruˈɛn.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kruˈɛn.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cruentō''' (present infinitive cruentāre, perfect active cruentāvī, supine cruentātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[cruentus]] “bloody” with the verb suffix [[-ō]]; ⟨cruentus⟩ is from [[cruor]] “blood”, which de Vaan traces to [[ine-pro|*kruh₂-ōs|t=blood]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, ''vigilēs cruentant'' “they wound the sentries”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to cause to bleed, wound, as in Ennius; to stain with blood, as in Cicero; and to soak or spatter with any liquid, as in Lucretius.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to lash, torment, make bloody.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''cruentare'' and Romanian ''încrunta''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of spattering.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of staining with blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stain with blood, make [[m|en|bloody]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make bleed, wound.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To soak, bespatter.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cruentatio]]

+ * [[incruentātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cruentē]]

+ * [[cruenter]]

+ * [[cruentus]]

+ * [[cruor]]

+ * [[crūdus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}