despondeo Latin · revision 9492

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *spend-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [deːsˈpɔn.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [desˈpɔn.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēspondeō''' (present infinitive dēspondēre, perfect active dēspondī, supine dēspōnsum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the perfect ''despopondī''; an inscription has ''despepondit''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[dē-]] “away” and [[spondeō]] “to pledge, promise”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨spondeō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*spondeje/o-|t=to libate; to pledge]], from [[ine-pro|*spond-éye-|t=to libate]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of losing heart.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to promise a woman in marriage, betroth, as in Terence; to pledge, promise, as in Cicero; and with ''animum'' or ''animōs'', to give up hope, despair, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to espouse, betroth.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|despond]] (1650s, “to lose heart”) is from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''animum dēspondēre''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of betrothing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of promising.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1650s – English ''despond'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To promise in marriage, [[m|en|betroth]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pledge, promise.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''animum dēspondēre'' To lose heart, [[m|en|despair]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[desponsio]]

+ * [[desponsor]]

+ * [[dēspōnsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cōnspondeō]]

+ * [[respondeō]]

+ * [[spondeō]]

+ * [[spōnsa]]

+ * [[en|despond]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}