effingo Latin · revision 9479
16 Oct 2026, 18:56 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Cato|origins=ine-pro *dʰeyǵʰ-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛfˈfɪŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [efˈfiŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''effingō''' (present infinitive effingere, perfect active effīnxī, supine effictum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ Also spelled ''ecfingō''.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ex-]] “out” and [[fingō]] “to shape, mould”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces ⟨fingō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*finge/o-|t=to knead, form]], from [[ine-pro|*dʰeyǵʰ-]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cato, apparently of wiping clean.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Lewis & Short explain it as “to work out by pressing”, like Greek ⟨ekmássein⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant to shape, mould, fashion, especially of artists, as in Cicero; to represent, portray, depict, as in Virgil; to reproduce, copy, imitate, as in Cicero; and in Cato apparently to wipe clean, wipe away.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to form, fashion, rub, express, portray, wipe out.^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of wiping.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of shaping and imitating.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of portraying.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To shape, mould, fashion.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|portray]], depict.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To copy, [[m|en|imitate]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To wipe clean.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[effictiō]]
+ * [[effigia]]
+ * [[effigiēs]]
+ * [[effigiātus]]
+ * [[effigientia]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[adfingō]]
+ * [[affingō]]
+ * [[circumfingō]]
+ * [[cōnfingō]]
+ * [[dēfingō]]
+ * [[diffingō]]
+ * [[fingō]]
+ * [[refingō]]
+ * [[fictus]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}