circumdo Latin · revision 9456

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *deh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɪrˈkʊn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [t͡ʃirˈkum.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''circumdō''' (present infinitive circumdare, perfect active circumdedī, supine circumdatum); first conjugation, irregular short ă in most forms^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''circundō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[circum-]] “around” and [[dō]] “to give, put”, and Wiktionary suggests the second part was first ⟨-dō⟩, ⟨-dere⟩ “put”, later remade after ⟨dare⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨dō⟩ to [[ine-pro|*deh₃-|t=to give]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of putting something round.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to put or place something round something else, as in Cicero's ''ligna circumdare'' “to stack wood all round”; to put on, wrap round the body, as in Plautus; to surround, enclose, encircle, as in Cicero; with the surrounding thing as subject, to encircle, as in Seneca; and to beset with grief or danger.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to go around, encompass, put around.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''circondare'' and Spanish ''circundar''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of surrounding.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put round; to put on.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|surround]], encircle, enclose.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To beset.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[circumdatiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dō]]

+ * [[circumdūcō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}