conculco Latin · revision 9448

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=la calx}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔŋˈkʊɫ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [koŋˈkul.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''conculcō''' (present infinitive conculcāre, perfect active conculcāvī, supine conculcātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[con-]] and [[calcō]] “to tread”, from [[calx]] “heel”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of trampling.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to tread underfoot, trample, crush by treading, as of grape skins in Cato, and in Varro and Lucretius; and figuratively to crush, oppress, despise, disregard, as in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' and Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to tread, trample.^(Stelten 1995) English borrowed it as the rare ''conculcate''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of treading grape skins.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86/82 BC – the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it figuratively.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To tread underfoot, [[m|en|trample]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (figurative) To crush, oppress; to despise.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[conculcātiō]]

+ * [[conculcatus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[calcō]]

+ * [[calx]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}