atrocitas Latin · revision 9443

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Accius|origins=la ātrōx}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [aˈtroː.kɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [aˈtrɔː.t͡ʃi.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''atrōcitās''' ''f'' (genitive atrōcitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ātrōx]] “frightful, cruel” with the suffix [[-tās]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*atrōkʷ-]] for ⟨ātrōx⟩, perhaps from [[ine-pro|*h₂eh₁-tr-|t=fireplace]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Accius, of savage behaviour.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Accius 170–c. 90 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the dreadfulness of a sight or situation, horror, as in Cicero's ''reī atrōcitās''; savageness of character, barbarity, as in Accius; the wickedness or enormity of a crime, and in the plural wicked deeds; and harshness, severity, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for atrocity, savagery, and an atrocious act, as in Aldhelm.^(DMLBS) [[en|atrocity]] (1530s, “enormous wickedness”) came through French or directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of horror.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of severity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English ''atrocity'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Dreadfulness, horror.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Savageness, [[m|en|barbarity]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Wickedness, [[m|en|enormity]], (plural) wicked deeds, [[m|en|atrocity|alt=atrocities]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Harshness, severity.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[āter]]

+ * [[atrōciter]]

+ * [[atrōx]]

+ * [[en|atrocity]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}