phonograph English · revision 944

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈfəʊnəˌɡɹɑːf/ ''(UK)''; /ˈfoʊnəˌɡɹæf/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Formed in English from [[phono-]] “sound” and [[-graph]] “writing; recording instrument”,^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(RHWU) from Greek ''phōnḗ'' “sound, voice” and ''gráphein'' “to write”.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A written character representing a speech sound (1835–40), a sense now obsolete.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(AHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The earliest machine to be called a phonograph picked up sound vibrations with a membrane and traced them on a cylinder, and the name passed to Thomas Edison's talking machine of 1877.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) In Britain the word is now used only for early cylinder machines, while in North America it became the usual word for a record player, corresponding to British ''[[gramophone]]''.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) ''Gramophone'' is in fact an inversion of ''phonogram''.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1835–40 – a character representing a sound.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1877 – Edison's talking machine.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1884 – figuratively, one who repeats another's words.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A machine that reproduces sound by means of a [[stylus]] following a spiral groove on a revolving disc or cylinder; a [[record player]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[phonographic]]

+ * [[phonographically]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gramophone]]

+ * [[phonetic]]

+ * [[telephone]]

+ * [[graph]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}