rusticus Latin · revision 9435
16 Oct 2026, 18:43 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *Hrewos}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈruːs.tɪ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈrus.ti.kus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''rūsticus''' (feminine rūstica, neuter rūsticum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[rūs]] “the country” with the suffix [[-ticus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*rowes-tiko-]], from ⟨*rowos⟩ “open space, land”, from [[ine-pro|*Hrewos|t=open space, field]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of a farm.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant of a farm or its cultivation, as in Plautus and Cicero's ''praedia rūstica'' “farm estates”; of the country as against the town, as in Cato; of people living in the country.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From there it meant a countryman's lack of refinement, coarse, boorish, as in Cicero; naive, simple, as in Plautus; and provincial, old-fashioned, as in Ovid.^(OLD 2012) As a noun it was a countryman, a peasant.^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ In Medieval Latin ''rūstica lingua'' was the vernacular, the language of ordinary people.^(Köbler 2010) British Medieval Latin used it for the country as against the town, as in Bede.^(DMLBS) [[en|rustic]] is recorded in the mid-15th century, and Old French ''rustre'' “ruffian”, from it, is behind [[en|roister]].^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of the countryside.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of boorishness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''rustic'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of a farm; of the country, rural, [[m|en|rustic]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Coarse, [[m|en|boorish]], unrefined.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Simple, naive; provincial.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ===Noun===
+ # A countryman, [[m|en|peasant]].^(Stelten 1995)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[rūsticānus]]
+ * [[rūsticātim]]
+ * [[rūsticellus]]
+ * [[rūsticitās]]
+ * [[rūsticor]]
+ * [[rusticulus]]
+ * [[subrūsticus]]
+ * [[rūsticē]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[rūs]]
+ * [[agrestis]]
+ * [[en|rustic]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}