penso Latin · revision 9427

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Sallust|origins=ine-pro *(s)pend-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpẽː.soː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpɛn.so]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pēnsō''' (present infinitive pēnsāre, perfect active pēnsāvī, supine pēnsātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the frequentative of [[pendō]] “to hang; to weigh”, formed with [[-tō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨pendō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*pend-e/o-|t=to hang, weigh]], from [[ine-pro|*(s)pend-|t=to spin]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Sallust, of making up for something.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Sallust 86–34 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to weigh one thing against another, as in Seneca; to set money off against a debt, as in Ulpian; to exchange; to counterbalance, make up for, as in Sallust; and to weigh in the mind, ponder, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is rare before Augustus and absent from Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Through Vulgar Latin it became French ''peser'' “to weigh”, the source of [[en|poise]], and French ''penser'' “to think”, from which [[en|pensive]] comes.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of making up for.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of pondering.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''pensive'' and ''poise'' are recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|weigh]] against something.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To set off against a debt; to exchange.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To counterbalance, [[m|en|compensate]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To weigh in the mind, [[m|en|ponder]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[compēnsō]]

+ * [[expensō]]

+ * [[pensabilis]]

+ * [[pensātiō]]

+ * [[pensiculō]]

+ * [[pēnsitō]]

+ * [[perpensō]]

+ * [[repensō]]

+ * [[dispēnsō]]

+ * [[pēnsum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pendō]]

+ * [[en|poise]]

+ * [[en|pensive]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}