actuarius Latin · revision 9423

16 Oct 2026, 18:43 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Caesar|origins=ine-pro *h₂eǵ-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [aːk.tuˈaː.ri.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ak.tuˈaː.ri.us]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''āctuārius''' (feminine āctuāria, neuter āctuārium); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ The noun is also written ''actārius''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[āctus]] “a driving; an act” with the suffix [[-ārius]]; ⟨āctus⟩ is from [[agō]] “to drive, do”, which de Vaan traces to [[ine-pro|*h₂eǵ-|t=to drive, lead]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD and Gaffiot cite Caesar, ''āctuāria nāvis'' “a light, fast ship”, and Köbler lists Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Caesar about 50 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ As an adjective it meant easily moved, swift: ''āctuāria nāvis'' was a fast vessel with oars, as in Caesar; it was also used of a road between fields forming an ''āctus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) As a noun it was a shorthand writer, as in Seneca and Suetonius, and a keeper of accounts or records, as in Petronius.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ In Medieval Latin it was the manager of a church's property.^(Niermeyer 1976) In Ecclesiastical Latin it was a clerk, registrar, secretary.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|actuary]] (1550s, “registrar, clerk”) is from Medieval Latin ''āctuārius''; the sense “insurance statistician” came later.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses ''āctuāria nāvis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of a shorthand writer.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it of a bookkeeper.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1550s – English ''actuary'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Swift, easily moved: ''āctuāria nāvis'' a light, fast [[m|en|galley]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # Forming an ''āctus'', a path between fields.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ===Noun===
+ # A shorthand writer, [[m|en|stenographer]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A bookkeeper, keeper of records; a [[m|en|registrar]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The administrator of a church's property.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[āctuāriola]]
+ * [[actuaria]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[āctus]]
+ * [[agō]]
+ * [[en|actuary]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}