adultero Latin · revision 9420
16 Oct 2026, 18:43 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Cato|origins=la ad, la alter}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [aˈdʊɫ.tɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [aˈdul.te.ro]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''adulterō''' (present infinitive adulterāre, perfect active adulterāvī, supine adulterātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is perhaps from [[ad-]] and [[alter]] “other” with the verb suffix [[-ō]], “to alter, make other”; it is related to [[adulter]] “adulterer”.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cato, of committing adultery.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to commit adultery, to defile by adultery, as in Cato and Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From that it meant to mix one substance with another, adulterate, as in Pliny the Elder; to counterfeit, as of jewels; and of abstractions to corrupt, debase, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to commit adultery, pollute, counterfeit.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|adulterate]] (1530s, “debase by mixing”) is from its participle ''adulterātus''.^(Etymonline) It survives in Italian ''adulterare'' and Spanish ''adulterar''.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of corrupting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of adulterating.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1530s – English ''adulterate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To commit [[m|en|adultery]]; to defile by adultery.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|adulterate]]; to counterfeit.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To corrupt, debase.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[adulterātiō]]
+ * [[adulterātor]]
+ * [[adulterātus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[adulter]]
+ * [[adultera]]
+ * [[adulterīnus]]
+ * [[adulteritās]]
+ * [[adulterium]]
+ * [[alter]]
+ * [[en|adulterate]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}