aggravo Latin · revision 9416

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Livy|origins=ine-pro *gʷréh₂us}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈaɡ.ɡra.woː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaɡ.ɡra.vo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aggravō''' (present infinitive aggravāre, perfect active aggravāvī, supine aggravātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''adgravō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ad-]] and [[gravō]] “to weigh down”, from [[gravis]] “heavy”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨gravis⟩ to [[itc-pro|*gʷra(w)u-]], from [[ine-pro|*gʷréh₂us|t=heavy]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short think it was perhaps formed by Livy, who uses it often; it first appears under Augustus and only in prose.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Livy 59 BC–17 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to weigh down, as in Columella; to make a weight greater, increase the force of a blow or the speed of a fall, as in Pliny the Elder; and to make conditions worse, aggravate, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to make heavy, make worse, burden.^(Stelten 1995) Through Old French ''agrever'' it gave [[en|aggrieve]] about 1300, and its participle ''aggravātus'' gave [[en|aggravate]] in the 1520s, first “to burden”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of weighing down.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''aggrieve'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1520s – English ''aggravate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To weigh down, [[m|en|burden]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To increase (a weight, force or speed).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make worse, [[m|en|aggravate]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gravō]]

+ * [[gravis]]

+ * [[en|aggravate]]

+ * [[en|aggrieve]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}