rationalis Latin · revision 9412
16 Oct 2026, 18:39 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Celsus|origins=la ratiō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ra.ti.oːˈnaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [rat.t͡si.oˈnaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''ratiōnālis''' (neuter ratiōnāle, adverb ratiōnāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ratiō]] “reckoning, reason” with the suffix [[-ālis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Celsus, of the theoretical school of medicine.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Celsus 14–37 AD and also cites Seneca.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant concerned with reasoning, theoretical, and as a plural noun the theoreticians, in Celsus; possessing reason, rational, as in Seneca and Quintilian; and of accounts, with ''ratiōnālis'' as a noun for an accountant, a treasury official of the Empire.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In Medieval Latin it meant reasonable, in accordance with reason; of fields, measured by survey; and as a noun a burgomaster.^(Niermeyer 1976) The neuter ''ratiōnāle'' was the breastplate of the Hebrew high priest and a bishop's liturgical ornament.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin used it for endowed with reason, and as a noun a rational creature.^(DMLBS) [[en|rational]] (late 14th century) and [[en|rationale]] (1650s, from Late Latin ''ratiōnāle'') are from it.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of beings with reason.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''rational'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Theoretical, of reasoning.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Possessing reason, [[m|en|rational]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of accounts.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Reasonable, (of fields) surveyed.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ===Noun===
+ # An [[m|en|accountant]], a treasury official.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' (''ratiōnāle'') The high priest's [[m|en|breastplate]]; a bishop's ornament.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[irratiōnālis]]
+ * [[ratiōnālitās]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[ratiō]]
+ * [[ratiōnābilis]]
+ * [[en|rational]]
+ * [[en|rationale]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}