longe Latin · revision 9411

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *dlongʰ-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫɔŋ.ɡeː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈlɔn̠ʲ.d͡ʒe]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''longē''' (comparative longius, superlative longissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the adverb of [[longus]] “long”, with the ending [[-ē]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨longus⟩ to [[itc-pro|*(d)longo-]], from [[ine-pro|*dlongʰ-o-]], and compares Hittite ⟨talugai-⟩ “long” and [[sa|दीर्घ|tr=dīrghá-|t=long]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is the Twelve Tables, about 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's first citations are from Plautus.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a long way, far, and at a distance, far off, as in Plautus; in time, for a long while, far into the past or future, long before or after; with verbs of speaking, at length, as in Cicero; and of kinship, at a far remove, as in Seneca.^(OLD 2012) ''Longē esse'' was to be of no avail, ''longē absum ab'' to be far removed from, and ''longē ā nōbīs'' in Petronius “God forbid!”.^(OLD 2012) With comparisons it meant by far, greatly, as in Plautus, and in Apuleius apparently exceedingly.^(OLD 2012) Cicero and Caesar have ''longē lātēque'' “far and wide”.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant afar, far off.^(Stelten 1995) It is continued in Proto-Romance, with French ''loin'', Italian ''lungi'' and Catalan ''lluny''.^(DÉRom)^(Wiktionary) Old French ''porloigner'' “to put far off”, from it, gave [[en|purloin]] in the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – the Twelve Tables use it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of distance and degree.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero has ''longē lātēque''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''purloin'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # A long way, far; at a distance, far off.^(OLD 2012)

+ # For a long time; long before or after.^(OLD 2012)

+ # At length, in a lengthy style.^(OLD 2012)

+ # By far, greatly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''longē esse'' To be of no avail, ''longē absum ab'' to be far from.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[longaevitās]]

+ * [[longaevus]]

+ * [[longanimis]]

+ * [[longanimitās]]

+ * [[longanimiter]]

+ * [[longiloquium]]

+ * [[longinquē]]

+ * [[longinquitās]]

+ * [[longinquō]]

+ * [[longinquus]]

+ * [[longus]]

+ * [[en|purloin]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}