orchis Latin · revision 9403

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Columella|origins=grc ὄρχις}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɔr.kʰɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔr.kis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''orchis''' ''f'' (genitive orchis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|ὄρχις|tr=órkhis|t=testicle; orchid]], named from the shape of the plant's roots.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Köbler traces the Greek word to [[ine-pro|*orǵʰi-|t=testicle]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short and Gaffiot cite Columella, of a kind of olive.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Columella to the 1st century AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Pliny the Elder used it for various kinds of orchid, named from the shape of their roots; in Columella and Palladius it was a kind of olive, also called ⟨orchītēs⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ British Medieval Latin glossaries used it for a testicle, and botanists for a kind of orchis.^(DMLBS) Linnaeus' family name ''Orchideae'', from it, gave [[en|orchid]], introduced by John Lindley in 1845.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of an olive.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of orchids.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1845 – English ''orchid'' is introduced by Lindley.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|orchid]], several kinds named from the shape of the roots.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A kind of [[m|en|olive]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|testicle]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[triorchis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|orchid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}