piper Latin · revision 9400

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Varro|origins=sa पिप्पलि}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɪ.pɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpiː.per]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''piper''' ''n'' (genitive piperis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|πέπερι|tr=péperi|t=pepper]], which came through Middle Persian from an Indo-Aryan source, ultimately [[sa|पिप्पलि|tr=pippali|t=long pepper]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Varro, whom he dates 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was pepper, the fruit of the pepper plant, as described by Pliny the Elder and used by Celsus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for pepper as a medicine and seasoning, and figuratively.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''pepe'' and French ''poivre''.^(Wiktionary) An early West Germanic borrowing gave Old English ''pipor'' and [[en|pepper]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it in medicine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder describes it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|pepper|alt=Pepper]], the fruit of the pepper plant.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[piperātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|pepper]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}